Bolognese

The breed takes its name from Bologna in northern Italy, where it is documented as far back as the eleventh century, and it was a favoured gift among European nobility during the Renaissance; Cosimo de' Medici and Catherine the Great are both said to have owned Bolognese dogs. Unlike many small breeds it was never bred for ratting or other work, its sole purpose was companionship, and this shows in a temperament built entirely around human attachment.

Living with a Bolognese means living with a dog that wants to be near its person at almost all times and can struggle with being left alone; separation-related problems are common if the breed is not gradually taught to cope with solitude from puppyhood. In other respects it is an easy dog to keep: calm indoors, not particularly demanding of exercise, and generally good-natured with children and other pets once socialised. The non-shedding coat is a genuine advantage for allergy sufferers but it mats readily and needs proper brushing several times a week, not just an occasional comb.

Today the Bolognese remains a niche breed outside Italy, popular with owners looking for a low-shedding, affectionate small dog that suits apartment living. It is generally a healthy breed for its size, though as with many toy breeds patellar luxation and dental crowding are worth screening for, and its devotion to its family means it is not the best choice for a household that is out at work all day.