Breed directory
Official – KC/AKC/FCIUtility / Non-Sporting

Japanese Spitz

jap-uh-NEEZ SPITS

JapanΒ· Japan

The Japanese Spitz is a small, pure white companion breed developed in Japan in the twentieth century, bred purely for temperament and appearance rather than any working task.

Flat vector illustration of a Japanese Spitz

At a glance

Quick facts

Size

Small

Exercise needs

45-60 minutes daily

Home size suited to

Flat or small home

Grooming frequency

Daily brushing

Coat length

Long

Sheds

Yes, heavily when moulting

Lifespan

12-14 years

Town or country

Either, happy in town

Garden size needed

Small garden or none

Where it comes from

Origins of the Japanese Spitz

Illustrated map showing the origin of the Japanese Spitz

Developed in Japan during the early twentieth century from imported white spitz stock, the breed was shaped purely as a companion, with its striking white coat becoming its defining feature.

Region
Japan
Climate it was bred for
Temperate
Original job
Companion dog, developed for temperament and appearance

The long read

About the breed

The breed was developed in Japan during the 1920s and 1930s, drawing on white spitz-type dogs imported from Siberia, China and elsewhere, refined by Japanese breeders into a smaller, consistently white companion type shown from 1921 onward. It spread from Japan to other parts of Asia, Europe and Australia through the twentieth century, arriving relatively late in Britain and America compared to many spitz breeds, and remains more established in some countries than others, a quirk of its recent and somewhat scattered history.

Living with a Japanese Spitz means living with a lively, alert and generally very affectionate small dog that enjoys being close to its family and is typically good with children when raised alongside them. It is intelligent and reasonably easy to train, though its spitz heritage gives it a tendency to bark at things it finds interesting or unfamiliar, a trait worth managing early with consistent training. The pure white double coat looks demanding but is naturally clean and resists dirt reasonably well, needing regular brushing rather than frequent bathing to stay looking smart.

Today the breed remains a popular companion in Japan and parts of Asia, and is a growing but still relatively uncommon choice in Britain, valued for its striking white coat, cheerful temperament and manageable size for people wanting a spitz-type dog without the size of a Keeshond or the working drive of a Shiba.

Living with one

Temperament & needs

Our own ratings, based on the breed standard and how these dogs behave in ordinary homes.

  • Friendliness

    4/5

    How openly the Japanese Spitz greets people it does not know.

  • Trainability

    4/5

    Intelligent and generally keen to please.

  • Energy

    3/5

    Enjoys daily walks and play but is not high-drive.

  • Barking

    4/5

    Alert and prone to barking at the unfamiliar without training.

  • Grooming

    3/5

    White double coat needs regular brushing but resists dirt well.

  • Suits a first-time owner

    4/5

    How forgiving the Japanese Spitz is for someone taking on their first dog.

  • Sociability

    4/5

    Affectionate with family, good with children when raised together.

  • Independence

    2/5

    Prefers to be close to its people.

Illustrated breed standard

The points of the breed

Hover or tap a numbered point to read what the standard asks for.

Side profile illustration of a Japanese Spitz showing the points of the breed standard

Point 1

Skull

The Japanese Spitz's skull is judged on balance rather than size β€” proportionate to the body, with a clean cheek and a stop typical of the breed. Coarseness or an over-refined head are both faulted.

Colours & patterns

Recognised coats

Which coats the standard accepts β€” and which are simply popular.

  • Illustration of a White coat

    White

    Standard colour

    The only accepted colour, pure and without markings.

Timeline

History & development

See the full journey from wolf to breed
  1. 1920s

    Development begins

    Japanese breeders began refining white spitz-type dogs imported from Siberia and elsewhere.

  2. 1921

    First shown

    The breed was exhibited in Japan for the first time.

  3. 1948

    Standard established

    The Japanese Spitz standard was formalised by Japanese kennel clubs.

  4. 1977

    UK recognition

    The breed was recognised by the UK Kennel Club after being imported from Sweden.

Reference

Breed standard summary

body
Compact, well-balanced.
coat
Long, straight, white outer coat with dense undercoat.
ears
Small, triangular, erect.
eyes
Dark, slightly oval, alert.
gait
Brisk, light, agile.
head
Medium, wedge-shaped, moderate stop.
size
Small
tail
Curled over the back, richly plumed.
colour
White. Colours outside this list are seen but are not accepted by the kennel clubs.
temperament
Typical of the breed: strongest in trainability, sociability, barking. Nervousness or aggression are serious faults in the show ring and in the home.
general appearance
Small, compact spitz, pure white throughout.

Health

What to screen for

Green means little to worry about, amber means ask the breeder for test results, red means manage it actively.

  • Patellar luxation

    Screen for it

    Ask whether parents have been checked for kneecap stability.

  • Progressive retinal atrophy

    Screen for it

    DNA or eye testing is worth asking about.

  • Runny eyes (epiphora)

    Low concern

    Common but usually cosmetic; keep the face clean.

The Japanese Spitz is generally a healthy, hardy small breed, with patellar luxation and mild eye tearing the main things to be aware of. Keeping the eyes and the pale coat around them clean helps avoid staining and irritation, and knee checks in breeding stock reduce the risk of joint problems later in life.

General information only β€” always speak to your vet about your own dog.

From real owners

Dogs like this

Japanese Spitzs added by PawPoint members through their pet passports. Share yours to appear here.

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Made for the Japanese Spitz

The book, plus prints, hoodies and mugs using our own Japanese Spitz illustration β€” and one everyday accessory that suits any dog.

Full shop
Pawpoint: The Complete Dog Breed Book

The book

Pawpoint: The Complete Dog Breed Book

Every officially recognised breed plus the unofficial ones nobody else documents. 400+ pages, hardback, printed and shipped from the UK.

Β£35.00Coming soon

Own stock β€” shipped by us

Japanese Spitz Framed Poster

Framed poster

Japanese Spitz Framed Poster

Museum-weight print of our Japanese Spitz illustration, framed or unframed.

Β£45.00Coming soon

Printed to order

Japanese Spitz Hoodie

Hoodie

Japanese Spitz Hoodie

Heavyweight hoodie carrying the Japanese Spitz illustration on the chest.

Β£42.00Coming soon

Printed to order

Japanese Spitz Mug

Mug

Japanese Spitz Mug

Ceramic mug with the Japanese Spitz illustration wrapped around it.

Β£15.00Coming soon

Printed to order

Rope Slip Lead

Accessory

Rope Slip Lead

Braided rope lead with a leather stop, 150cm. Good for training walks.

Β£22.00Coming soon

Fits any dog

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